Linux Commands
A failed service may be the visible consequence of a bad configuration, missing dependency or exhausted resource. Read its current state and recent journal first.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Inspect a systemd service before restarting it
Linux Commands
A short failure window is easier to investigate than the entire system journal. Filter by unit and relative time to focus on one service.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Filter systemd logs to an incident window
Linux Commands
After an unexpected restart, the current boot may no longer show the failure. Check available boot records before assuming historical evidence exists.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Investigate the previous Linux boot with journalctl
Linux Commands
A machine with multiple interfaces can choose an unexpected source address. Inspect the active addresses before changing DNS or firewall configuration.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Inspect Linux interface addresses with ip
Linux Commands
A VPN or secondary interface may change the route used to reach a service. Ask the kernel which path it would choose for a particular destination.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Check Linux route selection with ip route get
Linux Commands
A failed remote connection may be caused by a service binding only to loopback. Inspect local listeners before opening additional network access.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Find Linux listening sockets with ss
Linux Commands
An application can hold a file open after rotation or keep a port occupied after a partial shutdown. Inspect ownership before deleting files or killing processes.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Identify a file owner with lsof
Linux Commands
A command can fail because the shell belongs to a different user or lacks a newly assigned group. Inspect the active identity before changing filesystem permissions.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Check Linux user identity and groups with id
Linux Commands
Permission denied can come from the file, its parent directories, an ACL or a security policy. Start with ownership and mode bits rather than applying broad recursive permissions.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Read Linux permission bits before changing access
Linux Commands
A file can have access rules beyond the familiar owner, group and other permission bits. Inspect its ACL when ordinary listings do not explain the user's access.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Inspect Linux ACLs with getfacl
Linux Commands
A configuration or executable may belong to a managed package rather than a manually installed tool. Identify its owner before reinstalling or replacing it.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Find the Debian package that owns a file
Linux Commands
On an RPM-based host, package ownership helps connect an executable to the correct update and support channel. Check metadata before overwriting a system binary.
IT Support Guides1 min read
Read article : Find the RPM package behind a Linux executable